基本常识
1.对象是类创建,创建对象时候类的__init__方法自动执行,对象()执行类的 __call__ 方法2.类是type创建,创建类时候type的__init__方法自动执行,类() 执行type的 __call__方法(类的__new__方法,类的__init__方法)# 第0步: 执行type的 __init__ 方法【类是type的对象】class Foo: def __init__(self): pass def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): pass# 第1步: 执行type的 __call__ 方法# 1.1 调用 Foo类(是type的对象)的 __new__方法,用于创建对象。# 1.2 调用 Foo类(是type的对象)的 __init__方法,用于对对象初始化。obj = Foo()# 第2步:执行Foodef __call__ 方法obj()
示例一


class MyType(type): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): print('MyType创建类',self) super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): obj = super(MyType, self).__call__(*args, **kwargs) print('类创建对象', self, obj) return objclass Foo(object,metaclass=MyType): user = 'ctz' age = 18obj = Foo()
结果:
MyType创建类类创建对象 <__main__.Foo object at 0x0000024858243470>
示例二:


class MyType(type): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): print('MyType',self,'----') super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): v = dir(cls) obj = super(MyType, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs) print('MyType',cls,obj,'****') return objclass Foo(MyType('MyType', (object,), {})): user = 'ctz' age = 18obj = Foo()
结果
MyType----MyType ----MyType <__main__.Foo object at 0x0000025A92BB36D8> ****
示例三:(查看wtforms源码可知,实例化Form就是通过这种方法做的,此外这种方式可以实现单例模式)


class MyType(type): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): print(self,'------') super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): v = dir(cls) obj = super(MyType, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs) print(cls,obj,'****') return objdef with_metaclass(arg,base): return MyType('MyType', (base,), {})class Foo(with_metaclass(MyType,object)): user = 'ctz' age = 18obj = Foo()
结果:
------ ------ <__main__.Foo object at 0x000001FBD9E63710> ****
后面由于在公司做分享,没什么分享的,就分享了元类 自己整理了一篇在简书上链接如下:https://www.jianshu.com/p/f3de04763481