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metaclass
阅读量:801 次
发布时间:2023-02-08

本文共 2262 字,大约阅读时间需要 7 分钟。

基本常识

1.对象是类创建,创建对象时候类的__init__方法自动执行,对象()执行类的 __call__ 方法2.类是type创建,创建类时候type的__init__方法自动执行,类() 执行type的 __call__方法(类的__new__方法,类的__init__方法)# 第0步: 执行type的 __init__ 方法【类是type的对象】class Foo:    def __init__(self):        pass    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):        pass# 第1步: 执行type的 __call__ 方法#        1.1  调用 Foo类(是type的对象)的 __new__方法,用于创建对象。#        1.2  调用 Foo类(是type的对象)的 __init__方法,用于对对象初始化。obj = Foo()# 第2步:执行Foodef __call__ 方法obj()

示例一

class MyType(type):    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):        print('MyType创建类',self)        super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):        obj = super(MyType, self).__call__(*args, **kwargs)        print('类创建对象', self, obj)        return objclass Foo(object,metaclass=MyType):    user = 'ctz'    age = 18obj = Foo()
View Code

结果:

MyType创建类 
类创建对象
<__main__.Foo object at 0x0000024858243470>

示例二:

class MyType(type):    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):        print('MyType',self,'----')        super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):        v = dir(cls)        obj = super(MyType, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)        print('MyType',cls,obj,'****')        return objclass Foo(MyType('MyType', (object,), {})):    user = 'ctz'    age = 18obj = Foo()
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结果

MyType 
----MyType
----MyType
<__main__.Foo object at 0x0000025A92BB36D8> ****

示例三:(查看wtforms源码可知,实例化Form就是通过这种方法做的,此外这种方式可以实现单例模式)

class MyType(type):    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):        print(self,'------')        super(MyType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):        v = dir(cls)        obj = super(MyType, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)        print(cls,obj,'****')        return objdef with_metaclass(arg,base):    return MyType('MyType', (base,), {})class Foo(with_metaclass(MyType,object)):    user = 'ctz'    age = 18obj = Foo()
View Code

结果:

------
------
<__main__.Foo object at 0x000001FBD9E63710> ****

 后面由于在公司做分享,没什么分享的,就分享了元类 自己整理了一篇在简书上链接如下:https://www.jianshu.com/p/f3de04763481

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ctztake/p/8259785.html

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